class Pin – control I/O pins

A pin is the basic object to control I/O pins (also known as GPIO - general-purpose input/output). It has methods to set the mode of the pin (input, output, etc) and methods to get and set the digital logic level. For analog control of a pin, see the ADC class.

Usage Model:

Board pins are identified by their string id:

from machine import Pin
g = machine.Pin('GP9', mode=Pin.OUT, pull=None, drive=Pin.MED_POWER, alt=-1)

You can also configure the Pin to generate interrupts. For instance:

from machine import Pin

def pincb(pin):
    print(pin.id())

pin_int = Pin('GP10', mode=Pin.IN, pull=Pin.PULL_DOWN)
pin_int.irq(trigger=Pin.IRQ_RISING, handler=pincb)
# the callback can be triggered manually
pin_int.irq()()
# to disable the callback
pin_int.irq().disable()

Now every time a falling edge is seen on the gpio pin, the callback will be executed. Caution: mechanical push buttons have “bounce” and pushing or releasing a switch will often generate multiple edges. See: http://www.eng.utah.edu/~cs5780/debouncing.pdf for a detailed explanation, along with various techniques for debouncing.

All pin objects go through the pin mapper to come up with one of the gpio pins.

Constructors

class machine.Pin(id, ...)

Create a new Pin object associated with the id. If additional arguments are given, they are used to initialise the pin. See Pin.init().

Methods

Pin.init(mode, pull, *, drive, alt)

Initialise the pin:

  • mode can be one of:

    • Pin.IN - input pin.
    • Pin.OUT - output pin in push-pull mode.
    • Pin.OPEN_DRAIN - output pin in open-drain mode.
    • Pin.ALT - pin mapped to an alternate function.
    • Pin.ALT_OPEN_DRAIN - pin mapped to an alternate function in open-drain mode.

  • pull can be one of:

    • None - no pull up or down resistor.
    • Pin.PULL_UP - pull up resistor enabled.
    • Pin.PULL_DOWN - pull down resistor enabled.

  • drive can be one of:

    • Pin.LOW_POWER - 2mA drive capability.
    • Pin.MED_POWER - 4mA drive capability.
    • Pin.HIGH_POWER - 6mA drive capability.

  • alt is the number of the alternate function. Please refer to the pinout and alternate functions table. for the specific alternate functions that each pin supports.

Returns: None.

Pin.id()

Get the pin id.

Pin.value([value])

Get or set the digital logic level of the pin:

  • With no argument, return 0 or 1 depending on the logic level of the pin.
  • With value given, set the logic level of the pin. value can be anything that converts to a boolean. If it converts to True, the pin is set high, otherwise it is set low.
Pin.__call__([value])

Pin objects are callable. The call method provides a (fast) shortcut to set and get the value of the pin. See Pin.value() for more details.

Pin.alt_list()

Returns a list of the alternate functions supported by the pin. List items are a tuple of the form: ('ALT_FUN_NAME', ALT_FUN_INDEX)

Availability: WiPy.

Pin.toggle()

Toggle the value of the pin.

Pin.mode([mode])

Get or set the pin mode.

Pin.pull([pull])

Get or set the pin pull.

Pin.drive([drive])

Get or set the pin drive strength.

Pin.irq(*, trigger, priority=1, handler=None, wake=None)

Create a callback to be triggered when the input level at the pin changes.

  • trigger configures the pin level which can generate an interrupt. Possible values are:

    • Pin.IRQ_FALLING interrupt on falling edge.
    • Pin.IRQ_RISING interrupt on rising edge.
    • Pin.IRQ_LOW_LEVEL interrupt on low level.
    • Pin.IRQ_HIGH_LEVEL interrupt on high level.

    The values can be ORed together, for instance mode=Pin.IRQ_FALLING | Pin.IRQ_RISING

  • priority level of the interrupt. Can take values in the range 1-7. Higher values represent higher priorities.

  • handler is an optional function to be called when new characters arrive.

  • wakes selects the power mode in which this interrupt can wake up the board. Please note:

    • If wake_from=machine.Sleep.ACTIVE any pin can wake the board.
    • If wake_from=machine.Sleep.SUSPENDED pins GP2, GP4, GP10, GP11, GP17`` or GP24 can wake the board. Note that only 1 of this pins can be enabled as a wake source at the same time, so, only the last enabled pin as a machine.Sleep.SUSPENDED wake source will have effect.
    • If wake_from=machine.Sleep.SUSPENDED pins GP2, GP4, GP10, GP11, GP17 and GP24 can wake the board. In this case all of the 6 pins can be enabled as a machine.Sleep.HIBERNATE wake source at the same time.
    • Values can be ORed to make a pin generate interrupts in more than one power mode.

Returns a callback object.

Attributes

class Pin.board

Contains all Pin objects supported by the board. Examples:

Pin.board.GP25
led = Pin(Pin.board.GP25, mode=Pin.OUT)
Pin.board.GP2.alt_list()

Availability: WiPy.

Constants

The following constants are used to configure the pin objects. Note that not all constants are available on all ports.

Pin.IN
Pin.OUT
Pin.OPEN_DRAIN
Pin.ALT
Pin.ALT_OPEN_DRAIN

Selects the pin mode.

Pin.PULL_UP
Pin.PULL_DOWN

Selects the whether there is a pull up/down resistor.

Pin.LOW_POWER
Pin.MED_POWER
Pin.HIGH_POWER

Selects the pin drive strength.

Pin.IRQ_FALLING
Pin.IRQ_RISING
Pin.IRQ_LOW_LEVEL
Pin.IRQ_HIGH_LEVEL

Selects the IRQ trigger type.