.. _python_35: Python 3.5 ========== Below is a list of finalised/accepted PEPs for Python 3.5 grouped into their impact to MicroPython. .. table:: :widths: 30 50 20 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | **Extensions to the syntax** | **Status** | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | `PEP 448 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0448/>`_ | Additional unpacking generalizations | Partial | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | `PEP 465 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0465/>`_ | A new matrix multiplication operator | Complete | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | `PEP 492 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0492/>`_ | Coroutines with ``async`` and ``await`` syntax | Complete | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | **Extensions and changes to runtime** | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | `PEP 461 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0461/>`_ | % formatting for binary strings | Complete | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | `PEP 475 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0475/>`_ | Retrying system calls that fail with ``EINTR`` | Complete | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | `PEP 479 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0479/>`_ | Change ``StopIteration`` handling inside generators | Complete | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | **Standard library changes** | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | `PEP 471 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0471/>`_ | ``os.scandir()`` | | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | `PEP 485 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0485/>`_ | ``math.isclose()``, a function for testing | Complete | | | approximate equality | | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | **Miscellaneous changes** | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | `PEP 441 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0441/>`_ | Improved Python zip application support | | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | `PEP 486 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0486/>`_ | Make the Python Launcher aware of virtual | Not relevant | | | environments | | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | `PEP 484 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0484/>`_ | Type hints (advisory only) | Complete [#fth]_ | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | `PEP 488 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0488/>`_ | Elimination of PYO files | Not relevant | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ | `PEP 489 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0489/>`_ | Redesigning extension module loading | | +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ Other Language Changes: .. table:: :widths: 90 10 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | Added the *namereplace* error handlers. The *backslashreplace* error handlers now work with decoding and | | | translating. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | Property docstrings are now writable. This is especially useful for collections.namedtuple() docstrings | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | Circular imports involving relative imports are now supported. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ New Modules: * `typing <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#typing>`_ * `zipzap <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#zipapp>`_ Changes to built-in modules: .. table:: :widths: 90 10 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | `collections <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#collections>`_ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The *OrderedDict* class is now implemented in C, which makes it 4 to 100 times faster. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | *OrderedDict.items()* , *OrderedDict.keys()* , *OrderedDict.values()* views now support reversed() | | | iteration. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The deque class now defines *index()*, *insert()*, and *copy()*, and supports the + and * operators. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | Docstrings produced by namedtuple() can now be updated. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The UserString class now implements the *__getnewargs__()*, *__rmod__()*, *casefold()*, *format_map()*, | | | *isprintable()*, and *maketrans()* methods to match the corresponding methods of str. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | `heapq <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#heapq>`_ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | Element comparison in *merge()* can now be customized by passing a key function in a new optional key | | | keyword argument, and a new optional *reverse* keyword argument can be used to reverse element comparison | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | `io <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#io>`_ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | A new *BufferedIOBase.readinto1()* method, that uses at most one call to the underlying raw stream's | | | *RawIOBase.read()* or *RawIOBase.readinto()* methods | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | `json <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#json>`_ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | JSON decoder now raises JSONDecodeError instead of ValueError to provide better context information about | | | the error. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | `math <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#math>`_ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | Two new constants have been added to the math module: *inf* and *nan*. | Complete | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | A new function *isclose()* provides a way to test for approximate equality. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | A new *gcd()* function has been added. The *fractions.gcd()* function is now deprecated. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | `os <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#os>`_ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The new *scandir()* function returning an iterator of DirEntry objects has been added. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The *urandom()* function now uses the *getrandom()* syscall on Linux 3.17 or newer, and *getentropy()* on | | | OpenBSD 5.6 and newer, removing the need to use /dev/urandom and avoiding failures due to potential file | | | descriptor exhaustion. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | New *get_blocking()* and *set_blocking()* functions allow getting and setting a file descriptor's blocking| | | mode (O_NONBLOCK.) | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | There is a new *os.path.commonpath()* function returning the longest common sub-path of each passed | | | pathname | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | `re <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#re>`_ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | References and conditional references to groups with fixed length are now allowed in lookbehind assertions| | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The number of capturing groups in regular expressions is no longer limited to 100. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The *sub()* and *subn()* functions now replace unmatched groups with empty strings instead of raising an | | | exception. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The *re.error* exceptions have new attributes, msg, pattern, pos, lineno, and colno, that provide better | | | context information about the error | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | `socket <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#socket>`_ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | Functions with timeouts now use a monotonic clock, instead of a system clock. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | A new *socket.sendfile()* method allows sending a file over a socket by using the high-performance | | | *os.sendfile()* function on UNIX, resulting in uploads being from 2 to 3 times faster than when using | | | plain *socket.send()* | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The *socket.sendall()* method no longer resets the socket timeout every time bytes are received or sent. | | | The socket timeout is now the maximum total duration to send all data. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The backlog argument of the *socket.listen()* method is now optional. By default it is set to SOMAXCONN or| Complete | | to 128, whichever is less. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | `ssl <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#ssl>`_ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | Memory BIO Support | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation Support | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | There is a new *SSLSocket.version()* method to query the actual protocol version in use. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The SSLSocket class now implements a *SSLSocket.sendfile()* method. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The *SSLSocket.send()* method now raises either the *ssl.SSLWantReadError* or *ssl.SSLWantWriteError* | | | exception on a non-blocking socket if the operation would block. Previously, it would return 0. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The *cert_time_to_seconds()* function now interprets the input time as UTC and not as local time, per RFC | | | 5280. Additionally, the return value is always an int. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | New *SSLObject.shared_ciphers()* and *SSLSocket.shared_ciphers()* methods return the list of ciphers sent | | | by the client during the handshake. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The *SSLSocket.do_handshake()*, *SSLSocket.read()*, *SSLSocket.shutdown()*, and *SSLSocket.write()* | | | methods of the SSLSocket class no longer reset the socket timeout every time bytes are received or sent. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The *match_hostname()* function now supports matching of IP addresses. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | `sys <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#sys>`_ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | A new *set_coroutine_wrapper()* function allows setting a global hook that will be called whenever a | | | coroutine object is created by an async def function. A corresponding *get_coroutine_wrapper()* can be | | | used to obtain a currently set wrapper. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | A new *is_finalizing()* function can be used to check if the Python interpreter is shutting down. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | `time <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#time>`_ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | The *monotonic()* function is now always available | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ .. rubric:: Notes .. [#fth] The MicroPython parser correct ignores all type hints. However, the ``typing`` module is not built-in.