.. _machine.Timer: class Timer -- control internal timers ====================================== .. only:: port_wipy .. note:: Contrary with the rest of the API, timer IDs start at 1, not a t zero. This is because the ``Timer`` API is still provisional. A new MicroPython wide API will come soon. Timers can be used for a great variety of tasks, calling a function periodically, counting events, and generating a PWM signal are among the most common use cases. Each timer consists of 2 16-bit channels and this channels can be tied together to form 1 32-bit timer. The operating mode needs to be configured per timer, but then the period (or the frequency) can be independently configured on each channel. By using the callback method, the timer event can call a Python function. Example usage to toggle an LED at a fixed frequency:: from machine import Timer tim = Timer(4) # create a timer object using timer 4 tim.init(mode=Timer.PERIODIC) # initialize it in periodic mode tim_ch = tim.channel(Timer.A, freq=2) # configure channel A at a frequency of 2Hz tim_ch.callback(handler=lambda t:led.toggle()) # toggle a LED on every cycle of the timer Example using named function for the callback:: from machine import Timer tim = Timer(1, mode=Timer.PERIODIC) tim_a = tim.channel(Timer.A, freq=1000) led = Pin('GPIO2', mode=Pin.OUT) def tick(timer): # we will receive the timer object when being called print(timer.time()) # show current timer's time value (is microseconds) led.toggle() # toggle the LED tim_a.callback(handler=tick) Further examples:: from machine import Timer tim1 = Timer(2, mode=Timer.EVENT_COUNT) # initialize it capture mode tim2 = Timer(1, mode=Timer.PWM) # initialize it in PWM mode tim_ch = tim1.channel(Timer.A, freq=1, polarity=Timer.POSITIVE) # start the event counter with a frequency of 1Hz and triggered by positive edges tim_ch = tim2.channel(Timer.B, freq=10000, duty_cycle=50) # start the PWM on channel B with a 50% duty cycle tim_ch.time() # get the current time in usec (can also be set) tim_ch.freq(20) # set the frequency (can also get) tim_ch.duty_cycle(30) # set the duty cycle to 30% (can also get) tim_ch.duty_cycle(30, Timer.NEGATIVE) # set the duty cycle to 30% and change the polarity to negative tim_ch.event_count() # get the number of captured events tim_ch.event_time() # get the the time of the last captured event tim_ch.period(2000000) # change the period to 2 seconds .. note:: Memory can't be allocated inside irq handlers (an interrupt) and so exceptions raised within a handler don't give much information. See :func:`micropython.alloc_emergency_exception_buf` for how to get around this limitation. Constructors ------------ .. class:: machine.Timer(id, ...) .. only:: port_wipy Construct a new timer object of the given id. If additional arguments are given, then the timer is initialised by ``init(...)``. ``id`` can be 1 to 4. Methods ------- .. only:: port_wipy .. method:: timer.init(mode, \*, width=16) Initialise the timer. Example:: tim.init(Timer.PERIODIC) # periodic 16-bit timer tim.init(Timer.ONE_SHOT, width=32) # one shot 32-bit timer Keyword arguments: - ``mode`` can be one of: - ``Timer.ONE_SHOT`` - The timer runs once until the configured period of the channel expires. - ``Timer.PERIODIC`` - The timer runs periodically at the configured frequency of the channel. - ``Timer.EDGE_TIME`` - Meaure the time pin level changes. - ``Timer.EDGE_COUNT`` - Count the number of pin level changes. - ``width`` must be either 16 or 32 (bits). For really low frequencies <= ~1Hz (or large periods), 32-bit timers should be used. 32-bit mode is only available for ``ONE_SHOT`` AND ``PERIODIC`` modes. .. method:: timer.deinit() Deinitialises the timer. Disables all channels and associated IRQs. Stops the timer, and disables the timer peripheral. .. only:: port_wipy .. method:: timer.channel(channel, \**, freq, period, polarity=Timer.POSITIVE, duty_cycle=0) If only a channel identifier passed, then a previously initialized channel object is returned (or ``None`` if there is no previous channel). Othwerwise, a TimerChannel object is initialized and returned. The operating mode is is the one configured to the Timer object that was used to create the channel. - ``channel`` if the width of the timer is 16-bit, then must be either ``TIMER.A``, ``TIMER.B``. If the width is 32-bit then it **must be** ``TIMER.A | TIMER.B``. Keyword only arguments: - ``freq`` sets the frequency in Hz. - ``period`` sets the period in microseconds. .. note:: Either ``freq`` or ``period`` must be given, never both. - ``polarity`` this is applicable for: - ``PWM``, defines the polarity of the duty cycle - ``EDGE_TIME`` and ``EDGE_COUNT``, defines the polarity of the pin level change to detect. To detect both rising and falling edges, make ``polarity=Timer.POSITIVE | Timer.NEGATIVE``. - ``duty_cycle`` only applicable to ``PWM``. It's a percentage (0-100) class TimerChannel --- setup a channel for a timer ================================================== Timer channels are used to generate/capture a signal using a timer. TimerChannel objects are created using the Timer.channel() method. Methods ------- .. only:: port_wipy .. method:: timerchannel.irq(\*, trigger, priority=1, handler=None) The behavior of this callback is heaviliy dependent on the operating mode of the timer channel: - If mode is ``Timer.PERIODIC`` the callback is executed periodically with the configured frequency or period. - If mode is ``Timer.ONE_SHOT`` the callback is executed once when the configured timer expires. - If mode is ``Timer.PWM`` the callback is executed when reaching the duty cycle value. The accepted params are: - ``priority`` level of the interrupt. Can take values in the range 1-7. Higher values represent higher priorities. - ``handler`` is an optional function to be called when the interrupt is triggered. Returns a callback object. .. only:: port_wipy .. method:: timerchannel.freq([value]) Get or set the timer channel frequency (in Hz). .. method:: timerchannel.period([value]) Get or set the timer channel period (in microseconds). .. method:: timerchannel.time([value]) Get or set the timer channel current **time** value (in microseconds). .. method:: timerchannel.event_count() Get the number of edge events counted. .. method:: timerchannel.event_time() Get the time of ocurrance of the last event. .. method:: timerchannel.duty_cycle([value]) Get or set the duty cycle of the PWM signal (in the range of 0-100).